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PURIFYING CHARITY (ZAKAH)
(According to the Qur'an and Sunnah,
as extracted and inferred by scholars of the Hanafi school.)
From "Mukhtasar al-Quduri", a matn of Hanafi fiqh
Obligation
Silver
Gold
Trade Goods
Recipients
Sadaqat al-Fitr
1.0 OBLIGATION
1. Zakat is obligatory on
- the free, adult sane Muslim,
- when he possesses the nisab with complete possession, and
- a [lunar] year has passed over it.
There is no zakat [obligatory] upon a child, nor an insane person, nor a mukatib.
There is no zakat [obligatory] upon anyone who has a [due] debt encompassing his money. But, if his money is more than the debt, he pays zakat on the excess if it reaches nisab.
If one advance-pays the zakat before the year [has passed over it], and he possesses nisab, it is valid.
If wealth is destroyed after the obligation of zakat [has become due], it is waived.
2. [Zakat due (in various proportions) on :
gold
silver
cash
trade-goods
freely-grazing livestock kept for milk, breeding or fattening : camels, cows, sheep and goats.
produce (excluding firewood, reeds and grass).
buried treasures and metals.]
There is no zakat [obligatory] on:
residential homes,
body clothes,
household furniture,
riding-beasts,
slaves in service,
weapons of use.
3. It is not valid to offer zakat without an intention coinciding with the payment, or coinciding with the setting-aside of the obligatory portion.
One who gave all of his wealth in charity, without intending zakat, its obligation is waived from him.
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