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6.0 PRAYER UNDER SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES
6.1 Prayer of the Sick Person
1. When it is impossible for a sick person to stand, he prays sitting, performing ruku` and sujud. if he is unable to perform ruku` and sujud, he makes gestures with his head, and makes the sujud lower than the ruku`. He should not raise anything to his face to perform sujud on it.
2. If he is unable to sit, he lies down on his back, puts his legs towards the qiblah, and gestures for ruku` and sujud. If he lay down on his side, with his face toward the qiblah, and gestured, it is valid.
3. If he is unable to gesture with his head, he delays the salah; he does not [have to] indicate with his eyes, nor with his heart, nor with his eyelids.
4. If he is capable of standing, but is not capable of ruku` and sujud, he is not required to stand [for the gesturing of ruku`]. It is permissible for him to pray [standing only for recitation, and then] sitting [while] making gestures.
5. If a healthy person prayed part of his salah standing, and then some illness ensued [rendering him incapable of standing], he completes it sitting, performing ruku` and sujud, or gesturing if he is not able to [perform] ruku` and sujud, or lying down if he is not able to sit.
6. Someone who, on account of illness, prayed sitting, performing ruku` and sujud, and then became healthy, continues his salah standing. But, if he prayed part of his salah with gestures, and then became capable of ruku` and sujud, he re-starts the salah.
7. Someone who loses consciousness for five prayers or less makes them up when he recovers, but if he misses more than that due to unconsciousness, he does not make [them] up.
6.2 Prayer of the Traveller
Qualification for the concession
1. The journey whereby regulations become altered is that a man intend [to reach] a place [which is such that] there is between him and it [a distance of] three days’ or nights’ journey, according to the progress of a camel or [that] by foot. That is not considered [in the same way] for travel by sea.
2. The disobedient and the obedient on a journey are equal in the dispensation.
Number of Rak`at
1. The fard of the traveller, according to us, is two rak`ah in every four-rak`ah prayer, it not being permissible for him to add [two more] to them. But, if he prayed four [rak`ah], and had sat in the second for the measure of the tashahhud, [the first] two rak`ah suffice him for his fard, and the last two are nafl for him. However, if he did not sit for the measure of the tashahhud in the first two rak`ah, his salah is invalidated.
2. One who sets out as a traveller prays two rak`ah [instead of four] when he leaves behind the houses of the settled area.
3. When a traveller enters into [group] prayer of a resident, while the time [of the salah] remains, he prays the salah in full. But, if he enters with [the resident] in a missed prayer, his salah is not valid behind him.
4. When a traveller leads residents in two rak`ah, he performs taslim, and then the residents complete their salah. It is recommended for him, when he performs taslim, to say, ‘Complete your salah, for we are journeying people.’
5. Whoever misses a prayer on a journey, makes it up as two rak`ah [even if he makes it up] in residence. Whoever missed a prayer in residence makes it up as four rak`ah [even if he makes it up] on a journey.
Breaking the Journey
1. He continues to apply the regulations of travel until he intends to remain in a city fifteen days or more, at which point he is required to pray in full. If he intends to remain less than that, he does not pray in full.
2. Someone who enters a city, and does not intend to remain there fifteen days, but rather says [each day], ‘Tomorrow I will depart, or the day after I will depart,’ until he remains in this way for years [remains a traveller, and thus] prays two rak`ah.
3. When an army enters the land of war, and then intend to remain there fifteen days, they do not pray the salah in full.
4. When the traveller enters his home-town, he prays the salah in full, even if he did not intend to remain there.
5. Whoever has a home-land, and then moves from it and takes up residence in another land, and then travels and enters his first home-land, does not pray the salah in full.
6. If the traveller intends to remain in Makkah and Mina fifteen days, he does not pray the salah in full.
6.3 Fear Prayer
1. When fear is severe, the imam divides the people into two groups : one group [who remain] facig the enemy, and one group [who stand] behind him. Then, he prays with this [latter] group one rak`ah with two sajdah. Then, when he raises his head from the second sajdah, this group goes back to face the enemy, and the [other] group comes [to take their place]. The imam leads them in one rak`ah with two sajdah, and then performs tashahud and taslim. [The followers] do not perform taslim, but [rather] go to face the enemy. The first group [now] comes [back], and pray one rak`ah on their own, with two sajdah, without recitation, and then perform tashahhud and taslim, and then go back to face the enemy. The other group [now] comes [back] and pray one rak`ah with two sajdah, with recitation, and [then] perform tashahhud and taslim.
2. If the imam is a resident, he prays two rak`ah with the first group and two rak`ah with the second.
3. In maghrib, he prays two rak`ah with the first group and one rak`ah with the second.
4. They do not fight while in the state of salah, and if they do that their salah is invalidated. If the fear is intense, they pray while riding, individually, gesturing for ruku` and sujud : in whatever direction they wish if they are not capable of facing the qiblah.
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