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RITUAL PRAYER (SALAH)
(According to the Qur'an and Sunnah,
as extracted and inferred by scholars of the Hanafi school.)
From "Mukhtasar al-Quduri", a matn of Hanafi fiqh
Times for Salah
Times of Salah
Preferred Times
Disliked and Prohibited Times
Adhan
Its form
Its sunnahs
The Constituents and Manner of Performing the Salah
Its Pre-Requisistes
Its Rudiments
Its Obligations
Description of the Salah
Disliked Actions in Salah
Disruptors and Nullifiers of the Salah
Prostrations of Inattentiveness
Prostration of Recitation
Group Prayer
Status
Regulations for the Follower
Imamate
Impermissible Imamate
Arrangement of Rows
Prayer in and around the Ka`bah
Other Non-Occasional Prayers
Witr
Missed Prayers
Voluntary Prayers
Prayer under Special Circumstances
Prayer of the Sick Person
Prayer of the Traveller
Fear Prayer
Special-Occasional Prayers
Jumu`ah
The Two `Ids
Eclipse Prayer
Prayer for Rain
The Vigil of Ramadan
Funerals
Preparation of the Body
Shrouding
The Funeral Prayer
Burial
The Martyr
1.0 TIMES OF SALAH
1.1 Times for Salah
1. The beginning of the time for the dawn (fajr) [prayer] is when the second dawn rises, and that is the lateral whiteness on the horizon. The end of its time is as long as the sun has not risen.
2. The beginning of the time for zuhr is when the sun declines. The end of its time according to Abu Hanifah is when the shadow of everything becomes twice its [length] in addition to the shadow at midday. Abu Yusuf and Muhammad said : when the shadow if everything becomes its [length] [instead of twice].
3. The beginning of the time for `asr is when the time for zuhr departs, according to both views. The end of its time is as long as the sun has not set.
4. The beginning of the time for maghrib is when the sun has set. The end of its time is as long as the twilight has not disappeared. [The twilight] is, according to Abu Hanifah, the whiteness on the horizon after the redness. Abu Yusuf and Muhammad said : it is the redness.
5. The beginning of the time for `isha’ is when the twilight has disappeared. The end of its time is as long as the dawn has not yet risen.
The beginning of the time for witr is after `isha’. The end of its time is as long as the dawn has not risen.
1.2 Preferred times
It is recommended :
1. To brighten fajr.
2. To cool zuhr in the summer, and to delay it in the winter.
3. To delay `asr as long as the sun has not changed [color].
4. To hasten maghrib.
5. To delay `isha’ to [just] before one third of the night [has passed].
For one who is accustomed to pray during the night, it is recommended to delay witr to the end of the night. If one is not certain of waking up [at that time] one should perform witr before sleeping.
1.3 Disliked and Prohibited Times
1. Salah is not permissible at the rising of the sun, nor at its stationary point at midday, nor at its setting.
2. If the sun is setting, one does not perform a funeral prayer, nor make the sajdah of recitation, [nor perform any other prayer] except the `asr of that day.
3. It is disliked to perform voluntary prayers after fajr salah until the sun rises, and after `asr salah until the sun sets. There is no harm in praying missed prayers during these two times, [and similarly] performing prostrations of recitation, and praying over a funeral. One does not perform the two rak`ah of circumambulation (tawaf).
4. It is disliked to perform any optional prayers after dawn [and before fajr] other than the two [sunnah] rak`ah of fajr.
5. One should not perform optional prayer before maghrib.
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